Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. It most often occurs when pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, or IOP) damages the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. In some cases, glaucoma can develop even when eye pressure is within a normal range.

With early detection and treatment, vision loss from glaucoma can often be slowed or prevented. Treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure through medications, laser procedures, or surgery.

Studies consistently show that diagnosing and treating glaucoma before significant vision loss occurs is the most effective way to control the disease. If you are in a high-risk group, a comprehensive eye exam every one to two years is strongly recommended.

What are some signs of Glaucoma?

‍This is the most common form of glaucoma and typically has no symptoms in its early stages. There is no pain, and vision may appear normal at first. Over time, peripheral (side) vision gradually decreases, often going unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. As the disease progresses, vision may narrow, creating a “tunnel vision” effect. Without treatment, central vision can eventually be lost. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection.

Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma:

‍This form also develops slowly and usually has no early symptoms. Many patients are unaware of the condition until vision loss becomes severe or an acute attack occurs. Routine eye exams are critical for early diagnosis.

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Medical Emergency):

‍This is a sudden and dangerous rise in eye pressure that can cause permanent vision loss if not treated immediately.

Warning signs include:

Seek immediate care from an ophthalmologist if you have any of these warning signs.

Treatments for Glaucoma

Unfortunately, vision already lost to glaucoma cannot be restored. That is why early diagnosis and ongoing treatment are essential.

At Dallas Eye and Ear, our fellowship-trained ophthalmologists, Linda L. Burk, M.D., and Jane E. Gilmore, M.D., provide expert glaucoma care using the latest diagnostic tools and treatment options.

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For patients managing glaucoma, it is important to:

• Take prescribed medications exactly as directed
• Attend regular follow-up appointments

Treatment Options:

• Medicated eye drops to lower eye pressure
• Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), an in-office laser procedure to improve fluid drainage
• Surgery, such as trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage implants, for advanced cases

While these treatments cannot restore lost vision, they can help slow or stop disease progression and protect your remaining sight.